Fills are used to customize question text based on respondents' specific characteristics. This is done by embedding CSPro logic into the text as a template expression and surrounding it with one of the supported delimiters: ~~, ~~~, and <? ?>.

Fills may contain any valid CSPro logic expression that evaluates to a string or numeric value, or binary data. Logic expressions may include dictionary items, variables, occurrence labels, user-defined functions, as well as any built-in CSPro functions and operators.

Enter some question text that needs to be customized. For words or phrases that need to be filled, enter a dictionary item or variable with ~~ characters before and after. For example:

When the entry system comes to this text, it will insert the person's FIRST_NAME value into the question text:

When used with numeric values, the fill uses the value code. For example, ~~SEX~~ might be 1 or 2. If you want to use the value label, you can use the getvaluelabel function:

You can customize the question text by inserting an item or group's occurrence labels into the text. For example:

You can insert the return value of a user-defined function into the question text. The function can return either numeric or string values. For example:

In logic, a user-defined function must be declared, as in:

You can use HTML tags in order to dynamically format fills using logic. If you use HTML tags, you must surround the fill with three tildes (~~~) instead of two. This tells CSPro not to escape the tags when substituting the fill value. If you use the standard two tildes ~~, the literal HTML will substituted instead of the formatted value.

For example the question text:

with the following logic:

will result in:

Or more realistically:

See also: Question Text, HTML Question Text